Melasma is a common skin disorder characterized by brown or blue-grey patches or freckle-like spots. It’s often referred to as the “mask of pregnancy” because it frequently affects pregnant women. This type of hyperpigmentation (patches of the skin that are darker than the surrounding skin) manifests its symptoms as:
Melasma does not itch, burn, or have overlying scaling, pimples, or pustules. Melasma is a specific type of hyperpigmentation, an excess of pigment in the skin. The variations in skin pigmentation are influenced by genetics, hormones, and evolutionary adaptations to allow survival in different environments.
Melasma occurs due to the overproduction of melanin by melanocytes (pigment-producing cells). Here are their usual triggers:
Hormonal changes during pregnancy may contribute, especially the increased level of estrogen.
UV rays worsen melasma production. Prolonged exposure to sunlight stimulates melanocytes, leading to increased melanin, freckles, and sun spots in the affected sites.
Hormonal medications from oral contraceptives to hormonal replacement therapy can cause hormonal fluctuations that contribute to melasma. For instance, some women experience the darkening of the areolas during pregnancy.
Family history may also increase the risk.
These are also associated with melasma. If you suspect a thyroid condition, consult with a dermatologist who can refer you to an endocrinologist for comprehensive management.
Melasma is more common in women in 90% of cases.
Skin acne or even minor trauma, like scratching, can worsen existing melasma patches. After injuries like cuts and burns heal, localized darkening of the skin can also occur.
