The most common cause of hair loss is hereditary hair loss, also known as male-pattern baldness or female-pattern baldness. This type of hair loss is typically associated with aging and is more common in men, although women can also experience it. Genetic factors determine how sensitive hair follicles are to the hormone dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which can lead to the shrinking of hair follicles and eventual hair loss.
Hormonal imbalances due to conditions such as pregnancy, childbirth, menopause, or thyroid disorders can cause temporary hair loss. Hormonal fluctuations can disrupt the normal growth cycle of hair follicles, leading to excessive shedding or thinning of hair.
Certain medical conditions and diseases can cause hair loss, including autoimmune diseases like alopecia areata, which causes patchy hair loss; scalp infections such as ringworm; and medical treatments like chemotherapy or radiation therapy for cancer, which can result in temporary hair loss known as chemotherapy-induced alopecia.
Some medications, including certain antidepressants, blood thinners, and medications used to treat high blood pressure, cancer, arthritis, and other conditions, can cause hair loss as a side effect. Hair loss from medication is usually temporary and resolves once the medication is discontinued.
Physical or emotional stress can trigger hair loss by disrupting the normal hair growth cycle. Stress-related hair loss, known as telogen effluvium, typically causes temporary shedding of hair and usually resolves on its own once the stress is alleviated.
Inadequate intake of certain nutrients, such as iron, protein, vitamins, and minerals, can affect hair health and lead to hair loss. Conditions like iron deficiency anemia and malnutrition can result in thinning or brittle hair.
